Singababoneleli behlabathi bezinto zokuthambisa, ukutya kunye noomatshini bokuvelisa amayeza ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20.Ngokukodwa ukwenza umxubi, kukho amava okwenza ubutyebi, itekhnoloji ephucukileyo esele inomzi-mveliso okwiphondo laseJiangsu.
Ukwenza umxubi, unokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokusekwe kwimfuno.Njengoko umatshini uvacuum ozikhethelayo, ukuxuba, ukufudumeza, i-homogenizer iya kwi-emulsion, njl njl.Ke umatshini uya kwenziwa ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo yokwenza imveliso ethile.
Sisebenzisa iikuki ukuphucula amava akho.Ngokuqhubeka nokukhangela le ndawo, uyavumelana nokusebenzisa kwethu iikuki.Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe.
Ngokomthetho wesibini we-thermodynamics, uninzi lweemveliso zokhathalelo lwesikhumba aziqinisekanga ngokwendalo kuba ezi mveliso ziyindibaniselwano yezinto ezimbini nangaphezulu ezingadibaniyo.Ukuqinisekisa ubomi beshelufu, ezi mveliso kufuneka zongezwe ngezizinzi ezifanelekileyo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-ionic okanye i-nonionic surfactants yongezwa njenge-emulsifiers.
Kukholelwa ukuba ii-amphiphiles ezinobunzima obuphantsi bemolekyuli zenza izinto zokuthambisa zingahambelani nolusu.Ke ngoko, ishishini lezithambiso likhangela izinto zokuthambisa ezingenayo i-surfactant ezinokuthatha indawo yeendlela zokuthambisa zesintu.Ukuvelisa iimveliso ezizinzile ngokwaneleyo kunye nezithandekayo, ezona ndlela zithembisayo ziquka i-polymer emulsifiers okanye amasuntswana aqinileyo njengezinzisi.
Ukongeza ekusebenziseni iindlela zokuqulunqa eziqhelekileyo, i-emulsions inokuzinziswa ngokusebenzisa i-macromolecules efanelekileyo endaweni ye-surfactants ephantsi ye-molecular weight.Ukuzinza kwe-Emulsion kudla ngokuphuculwa ngokudibanisa iipolymers ukujiya kunye nokwandisa isivuno sesigaba esiqhubekayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuphucula ukusebenza, iipolima ze-surfactant ezifana ne-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose okanye i-carbomer 1342 zingasetyenziswa njenge-emulsifier yokuqala.Ezi polima zenza iifilimu ezilungelelanisiweyo zobuso ezithintela ngempumelelo ukuhlangana kwe-oyile.Kule meko, umphumo wokuzinzisa ukunyusa i-viscosity yesigaba sangaphandle ayibalulekanga.
Iingcamango ezinjalo zokuqulunqa zihlala zibizwa ngokuba yi-hydrolipid dispersions okanye i-aqueous dispersive gels, efanelekileyo kakhulu kwiimveliso ze-sunscreen kwaye ke ziyaziwa ngokuba yi-"emulsifier-free" formulations.Ukusuka kumbono womzimba kunye neekhemikhali oku akuchanekanga.(NgokoManyano lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lweChemistry ePure and Applied, iipropathi ze-emulsifier zichazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: I-emulsifier yi-surfactant. Inciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-interfacial ye-solvent medium kwaye ngoko ibe nefuthe elihle kwi-adsorption kwi-A. i-emulsifier inokukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwee-emulsions okanye ukwandisa ukuzinza kwayo kwe-colloidal ngokunciphisa enye okanye zombini yokudibanisa kunye nemilinganiselo yokudibanisa.)
Yintoni eyahlula ezi ziqulunqo kwii-emulsions ezizinziswe yi-emulsifiers "yendabuko" kukukwazi ukubangela ukucaphuka: i-polymer emulsifiers inobunzima be-molecular kwaye ngoko ayikwazi ukungena kwi-stratum corneum.Ke ngoko, ukusebenzisana kakubi okunje nge-Majorca Acne akulindelekanga.Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba “yi-emulsifier-free”.Uluhlu loku-1 lubonisa imizekelo yakudala.
I-acrylate / C10-30 i-alkyl acrylate crosspolymer isetyenziswe njenge-polymer emulsifier kwi-Formula A. I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kunye ne-polyacrylic acid isetyenziswe njenge-co-stabilizers.I-acrylic copolymer i-polymer emulsifier carbomer 1342 iguqulwe nge-C10-30 alkyl acrylate kunye ne-cross-linked with allyl pentaerythritol.
I-lipophilic alkyl acrylate moiety ilawulwa yi-hydrophilic acrylic acid moiety.I-macromolecule ebangelwayo inobunzima be-molecular 4 x 109. Izinto eziphathekayo azichithi, kodwa xa zingathathi hlangothi kunye nesiseko esifanelekileyo sandisa ukuya kumaxesha angama-1000.
I-Carbomer polymer emulsifiers yenza umaleko oshinyeneyo wejeli ekhuselayo ujikeleze ithontsi ngalinye leoli kwinqanaba elisezantsi loxinzelelo lwe-electrolyte enamanzi, kunye namatyathanga e-alkyl e-hydrophobic abambelele kwinqanaba le-oyile.Imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo ye-polymer emulsifiers kuphela i-0.1% ukuya kwi-0.3% iyafuneka ukuze i-emulsify ukuya kwi-20% yeoli.
Ukuba i-lotion idibana ne-electrolyte-containing surface yesikhumba, iba yinto engazinzanga kuba ijeli ekhuselayo iyadumba ngokukhawuleza.Emva kokususa isigaba seoli, ifilimu encinci yeoli ihlala esikhumbeni.Le nkqubo yenza kube lula ukwenza iimveliso ze-sunscreen ukuba, nangona iimpawu zabo ze-hydrophilic, ziyakwazi ukumelana namanzi ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.
I-Emulsions eqiniswe yi-acrylate / C10-30 i-alkyl acrylate cross-polymers ingalungiswa ngeendlela ezichanekileyo okanye ezingathanga ngqo (jonga iThebhile 2).
Itheyibhile 2 Inkqubo yokulungiswa kweejeli ezisasazwe ngamanzi zisebenzisa i-polymer emulsifiers ngokungathanga ngqo okanye ngokuthe ngqo.
Ukuthintela ukuthotywa komatshini we-molecular weight polymer emulsifiers, i-homogenizers ephezulu kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokuqaphela njengoko oku kunokunciphisa ukuzinza kwe-emulsion.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-diameter ye-droplet ye-droplet yeendlela ezinjalo ziyi-20-50 μm.Kodwa oku akunampembelelo embi ekuzinzeni komzimba.
Ukuba iinkqubo ezihlakazwe kakuhle (i-1-5 microns) zikhethwe ngeenjongo zobuhle, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungeze i-amphiphilic co-emulsifier, umzekelo i-sorbitan monooleate.Nangona kunjalo, iifomula ezinjalo azinakuze zibizwe ngokuba “zi-emulsifier-free.”
Nangona i-Formulation B (jonga ezantsi kweThebhile 1) ikwaluhlobo lokusasazeka kwe-hydrolipid, isebenzisa kuphela i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) njenge-polymer emulsifier.
Iziqulatho ezisebenzisa i-HPMC njenge-polymer emulsifier zisebenza kancinci ngokubhekiselele kwi-electrolytes xa kuthelekiswa ne-water-lipid dispersions esebenzisa i-polymer emulsifier carbomer 1342. Ngaloo ndlela, i-emulsions yeoli / amanzi apho isisombululo se-saline yesigaba sangaphandle sisetyenziswa kwaye sihlale sizinzile ngexesha lokugcinwa.
Ngenxa yoxinzelelo lomatshini xa lusetyenziswa eluswini, i-lotion inokutshatyalaliswa ngokuyinxenye kwaye yenze ifilimu encinci ye-oily eluswini, enciphisa ukunyibilika kwesikhumba.Emva kokuba amanzi aphuke, inxalenye yelotion isala elukhumbeni, yenza ifilimu eguquguqukayo apho amaconsi eoli afakwe kwi-matrix ye-polymer.
I-emulsions ye-HPMC-stabilized ilungiswa ngokusebenzisa i-rotor-stator homogenizer efana ne-Ultra Turrax®.I-homogenizer ivelisa amathontsi amancinci angama-2–5 µm ngobukhulu.Igalelo lamandla aphezulu ukusuka kwi-ultrasonic okanye i-homogenization yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-nanoemulsions kunye nobubanzi obuphakathi kwe-100-500 nm.
I-Nanoemulsions ezinziswe yi-HPMC inokucutshungulwa ngokubanda ukusuka kwinqanaba le-lipid yolwelo.Ukufumana i-emulsion ekrwada yangaphambili, isigaba seoli se-liquid kunye nesisombululo se-polymer esine-aqueous sidibaniswe kwiqondo lokushisa.I-emulsion yangaphambili idluliselwa kwi-homogenizer ephezulu yoxinzelelo kwi-20-90 MPa ngamaxesha amaninzi ukufumana i-nanoemulsion yokugqibela.
Nangona kuyenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe ukonyusa uxinzelelo olungaphaya koluhlu olulolona lufanelekileyo ngaphandle kweengxaki, oku kudla ngokukhokelela kubungakanani bamathontsi amakhulu kwaye akuphumeleli ukusasazwa okuphezulu okufunwayo.Le nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-overprocessing kwaye yinto eqhelekileyo ye-emulsions ye-polymer-stabilized.
Olunye uphawu olwahlukileyo lwee-emulsions ezizinziswe yi-HPMC kukuba zinokuvalwa inzala kwi-autoclave ngaphandle kokuwohloka okubonakalayo kumgangatho wazo.Oku kungenxa yokuba babonisa inguqu ye-sol-gel ye-thermoreversible.Kubushushu obungaphezulu kwe-60 °C, isigaba sangaphandle siyajiya kwaye sithintele ukuhamba kwamathontsi e-oyile asasaziweyo.
Amaconsi awakwazi ukungqubana kwaye izinga lokudibanisa liphantse lingabikho.Ngaloo ndlela, abaqulunqi banokwenza i-emulsions ye-oyile emanzini ngaphandle kwezigcini ukuba ukupakishwa okuchasene nokuhlanjululwa kwakhona kusetyenziswe.
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ii-emulsions zinokuzinziswa kuphela ngempembelelo ye-viscosity optimization yokongeza iipolima ezinjenge-carbomers (i-polyacrylic acid).Ezi ziqulunqo zibizwa ngokuba yi-emulsions "quasi" ngenxa yokuba umphumo wokuzinzisa wepolymer awubandakanyi umsebenzi wokudibanisa ubuso.Iimveliso ezifanelekileyo zorhwebo, ezihlala zibizwa ngokuba yi "balms", ngokuqhelekileyo ziqulethe ixabiso elincinci le-lipids elihlakazwe kwi-hydrogel.
Ukusasazwa kakuhle kwe-lipids kuqinisekisa ukuzinza komzimba kunye nobomi obaneleyo beshelufu.Lo mlinganiselo kunye noxinzelelo lwesivuno kwisigaba sangaphandle kunciphisa ukuhamba kwamathontsi, ngaloo ndlela kucinezela ngempumelelo i-emulsification kunye nokudibana kwamathontsi eoli.
Sathetha noNjingalwazi uHongxia Wang ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseQueensland yeTekhnoloji malunga neprojekthi entsha enethemba lokusebenzisa igraphene kunye nezinye izinto zekhabhoni eziphantsi kwexabiso eliphantsi ukuvelisa iiseli zelanga ze-perovskite ezinokuthengiswa ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Kulo dliwano-ndlebe, u-AzoNano uthetha nabaprofesa uMoti Segev kunye noVladimir Shalaev, abaye bafumanisa izinto ezimangalisayo kwiikristale zexesha le-photonic ezicela umngeni kuphando kunye neethiyori ezikhoyo.
Kolu dliwano-ndlebe, sixoxa ngendlela entsha yokuphucula i-Raman spectroscopy esebenzisa i-nanopockets ukubambisa iimolekyuli ezijoliswe kuyo, ezenza ukuba kubonwe uvakalelo oluphezulu lweenkqubo zemichiza.
Iikhamera ze-ClearView scintillation zandisa amandla okuhanjiswa kwe-electron microscopy (TEM).
I-high-throughput co-localization imaging kunye ne-situ nanoindentation usebenzisa i-Bruker Hysitron PI 89 Auto SEM.
Funda malunga ne-NANOS ye-Phe-nx, i-SEM ye-benchtop yohlalutyo eyenza uhlalutyo lwe-elemental olukhawulezayo kwaye kulula ukuyifaka kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-23-2023